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Mechanism of action of sodium benzoate

Views: 113     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2022-10-13      Origin: Site

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Sodiumbenzoate, also known as sodium benzoate, is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate solution, then filtering, evaporating and crystallizing. It is an acidic preservative and has no bactericidal or antibacterial effect in alkaline medium.


Mechanism of action


1. Preservative mechanism Benzoic acid preservative is the effect of its undissociated molecules, undissociated benzoic acid is strong lipophilic, easy to enter the cell through the cell membrane, interfering with the permeability of the cell membrane of microorganisms such as mold and bacteria, preventing the absorption of amino acids by the cell membrane; benzoic acid molecules entering the cell can acidify the reserve alkali in the cell, thereby inhibiting the activity of the respiratory enzyme system in the microorganism, preventing the acetyl The benzoic acid molecule entering the cell can acidify intracellular reserve bases, thus inhibiting the activity of respiratory enzymes in microorganisms and preventing the condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A. Benzoic acid is a broad-spectrum anti-microbial substance, effective against yeasts, moulds and some bacteria, and is effective against all kinds of bacteria within the maximum permissible range of use, up to pH 4.5 (pH 2.5-4.0 for preservatives).


2. Compound antagonism Benzoic acid also has antagonistic effects with calcium chloride, and similar effects with sodium chloride, isobutyric acid, gluconic acid, cysteine salt, etc.

chemical

Mechanism of toxicity


Although the kidneys have a detoxification function and can excrete a safe dose of preservatives within 1 to 2 days, if multiple foods containing the same type of preservatives are consumed at the same time for a long period of time, they can have various toxic effects on the human body.


1. Mechanism of damage to the nervous system Consumption of large quantities of beverages containing sodium benzoate preservatives can lead to severe brain atrophy. Sodium benzoate reacts with stomach acid to produce benzoic acid, which is toxic and can cause chronic benzene poisoning in people. The symptoms of chronic benzene poisoning are mainly neurological weakness, such as headache, dizziness, memory loss, insomnia and fatigue; at the same time, there is also a decrease in white blood cells, and in severe cases, aplastic anaemia. Cats are sensitive to benzoic acid. 17 out of 28 cats fed with meat containing 2.39% benzoic acid showed hypersensitivity, excitement, loss of balance and loss of vision. Studies have also shown that long-term consumption of carbonated beverages containing sodium benzoate can lead to hyperactivity in children.


2. Carcinogenesis Scientists have long suspected that sodium benzoate may cause cancer because when mixed with Vc, an additive in carbonated drinks, it may produce benzene, a carcinogen. Researchers have tested the effects of sodium benzoate on living yeast cells in the laboratory and found that sodium benzoate severely harms human cells by damaging the mitochondria, known as the cell's 'power stations'. Sodium benzoate was found to be effective in inhibiting mitochondrial swelling and had a significant protective effect against murine liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sodium benzoate is a chromosome disruptor and can cause carcinogenesis.


3. Cytotoxicity Studies have shown that the toxic effects of sodium benzoate and lemon yellow and sodium benzoate and saccharin on cells are additive. Sodium benzoate can disrupt the orderly structure of cell membranes, change the structure of membranes, cause functional disorders in membranes, resulting in destructive cell fractures, thus disrupting the cellular homeostasis mechanism and combining with hydroxyl radicals in the body to produce benzene, resulting in toxic substances. Sodium benzoate is a low toxicity substance. Large doses of sodium benzoate cause leukopenia in rats and significant damage to liver cells.


4. Other side effects Sodium benzoate can induce recurrent episodes of acute urticaria and angioedema. Sodium benzoate can cause conformational changes in serum albumin, resulting in serum albumin damage.

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